ACC 304 Week 3 Quiz – Strayer NEW
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Week 3 Quiz 2: Chapter 9
INVENTORIES: ADDITIONAL VALUATION
ISSUES
IFRS questions are available at the end of this chapter.
TRUE-FALSE—Conceptual
1. A
company should abandon the historical cost principle when the future utility of
the inventory item falls below its original cost.
2. The
lower-of-cost-or-market method is used for inventory despite being less
conservative than valuing inventory at market value.
3. The
purpose of the “floor” in lower-of-cost-or-market considerations is to avoid
overstating inventory.
4. Application
of the lower-of-cost-or-market rule results in inconsistency because a company
may value inventory at cost in one year and at market in the next year.
5. GAAP
requires reporting inventory at net realizable value, even if above cost,
whenever there is a controlled market with a quoted price applicable to all
quantities.
6. A
reason for valuing inventory at net realizable value is that sometimes it is
too difficult to obtain the cost figures.
7. In
a basket purchase, the cost of the individual assets acquired is determined on
the basis of their relative sales value.
8. A
basket purchase occurs when a company agrees to buy inventory weeks or months
in advance.
9. Most
purchase commitments must be recorded as a liability.
10. If
the contract price on a noncancelable purchase commitment exceeds the market
price, the buyer should record any expected losses on the commitment in the
period in which the market decline takes place.
11. When
a buyer enters into a formal, noncancelable purchase contract, an asset and a
liability are recorded at the inception of the contract.
12. The
gross profit method can be used to approximate the dollar amount of inventory
on hand.
13. In
most situations, the gross profit percentage is stated as a percentage of cost.
14. A
disadvantage of the gross profit method is that it uses past percentages in
determining the markup.
15. When
the conventional retail method includes both net markups and net markdowns in
the cost-to-retail ratio, it approximates a lower-of-cost-or-market valuation.
16. In
the retail inventory method, the term markup means a markup on the original
cost of an inventory item.
17. In
the retail inventory method, abnormal shortages are deducted from both the cost
and retail amounts and reported as a loss.
18. The
inventory turnover ratio is computed by dividing the cost of goods sold by the
ending inventory on hand.
19. The
average days to sell inventory represents the average number of days’ sales for
which a company has inventory on hand.
*20. The
LIFO retail method assumes that markups and markdowns apply only to the goods
purchased during the period.
True False Answers—Conceptual
MULTIPLE CHOICE—Conceptual
21. Which of the following is
true about lower-of-cost-or-market?
a. It is inconsistent because losses are
recognized but not gains.
b. It usually understates assets.
c. It can increase future income.
d. All of these.
22. The primary basis of accounting for inventories is cost. A
departure from the cost basis of pricing the inventory is required where there
is evidence that when the goods are sold in the ordinary course of business
their
a. selling price will be less than their
replacement cost.
b. replacement cost will be more than their net
realizable value.
c. cost will be less than their replacement
cost.
d. future utility will be less than their cost.
23. When valuing raw materials inventory at lower-of-cost-or-market,
what is the meaning of the term "market"?
a. Net realizable value
b. Net realizable value less a normal profit
margin
c. Current replacement cost
d. Discounted present value
24. In no case can "market" in the lower-of-cost-or-market
rule be more than
a. estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business.
b. estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion and
disposal.
c. estimated selling price in the ordinary course
of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal and an
allowance for an approximately normal profit margin.
d. estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal,
an allowance for an approximately normal profit margin, and an adequate reserve
for possible future losses.
25. Designated market value
a. is always the middle value of
replacement cost, net realizable value, and net realizable value less a normal
profit margin.
b. should always be equal to net
realizable value.
c. may sometimes exceed net
realizable value.
d. should always be equal to net
realizable value less a normal profit margin.
26. Lower-of-cost-or-market
a. is most conservative if applied to the total
inventory.
b. is most conservative if applied to major
categories of inventory.
c. is most conservative if applied to individual
items of inventory.
d. must be applied to major categories for
taxes.
27. An item of inventory purchased this period for $15.00 has been
incorrectly written down to its current replacement cost of $10.00. It sells
during the following period for $30.00, its normal selling price, with disposal
costs of $3.00 and normal profit of $12.00. Which of the following statements
is not true?
a. The cost of sales of the following year will
be understated.
b. The current year's income is understated.
c. The closing inventory of the current year is
understated.
d. Income of the following year will be
understated.
S28. When the cost-of-goods-sold method is used
to record inventory at market
a. there is a direct reduction in the selling
price of the product that results in a loss being recorded on the income
statement prior to the sale.
b. a loss is recorded directly in the inventory
account by crediting inventory and debiting loss on inventory decline.
c. only the portion of the loss attributable to
inventory sold during the period is recorded in the financial statements.
d. the market value figure for ending inventory
is substituted for cost and the loss is buried in cost of goods sold.
29. Lower-of-cost-or-market
as it applies to inventory is best described as the
a. drop of future utility below its original
cost.
b. method of determining cost of goods sold.
c. assumption to determine inventory flow.
d. change in inventory value to market value.
30. The
floor to be used in applying the lower-of-cost-or-market method to inventory is
determined as the
a. net realizable value.
b. net realizable value less normal profit
margin.
c. replacement cost.
d. selling price less costs of completion and
disposal.
31. What
is the rationale behind the ceiling when applying the lower-of-cost-or-market
method to inventory?
a. Prevents understatement of the inventory
value.
b. Allows for a normal profit to be earned.
c. Allows for items to be valued at replacement
cost.
d. Prevents overstatement of the value of
obsolete or damaged inventories.
32. Why
are inventories stated at lower-of-cost-or-market?
a. To report a loss when there is a decrease in
the future utility.
b. To be conservative.
c. To report a loss when there is a decrease in
the future utility below the original cost.
d. To permit future profits to be recognized.
33. Which
of the following is not an acceptable approach in applying the
lower-of-cost-or-market method to inventory?
a. Inventory location.
b. Categories of inventory items.
c. Individual item.
d. Total of the inventory.
34. Which
method(s) may be used to record a loss due to a price decline in the value of
inventory?
a. Cost-of-goods-sold.
b. Sales method.
c. Loss method
d. Both a and c.
35. Why
might inventory be reported at sales prices (net realizable value or market
price) rather than cost?
a. When there is a controlled market with a
quoted price applicable to all quantities and when there are no significant
costs of disposal.
b. When there are no significant costs of
disposal.
c. When a non-cancellable contract exists to
sell the inventory.
d. When there is a controlled market with a
quoted price applicable to all quantities.
S36. Recording inventory at net realizable value
is permitted, even if it is above cost, when there are no significant costs of
disposal involved and
a. the ending inventory is determined by a physical
inventory count.
b. a normal profit is not anticipated.
c. there is a controlled market with a quoted
price applicable to all quantities.
d. the internal revenue service is assured that
the practice is not used only to distort reported net income.
37. When inventory declines in value below original (historical)
cost, and this decline is considered other than temporary, what is the maximum
amount that the inventory can be valued at?
a. Sales price
b. Net realizable value
c. Historical cost
d. Net realizable value reduced by a normal
profit margin
38. Net realizable value is
a. acquisition cost plus costs to complete and
sell.
b. selling price.
c. selling price plus costs to complete and
sell.
d. selling price less costs to complete and
sell.
39. If a unit of inventory has declined in value below original
cost, but the market value exceeds net realizable value, the amount to be used
for purposes of inventory valuation is
a. net realizable value.
b. original cost.
c. market value.
d. net realizable value less a normal profit
margin.
40. Inventory may be recorded at net realizable value if
a. there is a controlled market with a quoted
price.
b. there are no significant costs of disposal.
c. the inventory consists of precious metals or
agricultural products.
d. all of these.
41. If a material amount of inventory has been ordered through a
formal purchase contract at the balance sheet date for future delivery at firm
prices,
a. this fact must be disclosed.
b. disclosure is required only if prices have
declined since the date of the order.
c. disclosure is required only if prices have
since risen substantially.
d. an appropriation of retained earnings is
necessary.
42. The credit balance that arises when a net loss on a purchase
commitment is recognized should be
a. presented as a current liability.
b. subtracted from ending inventory.
c. presented as an appropriation of retained
earnings.
d. presented in the income statement.
P43. In 2012, Orear Manufacturing signed a
contract with a supplier to purchase raw materials in 2013 for $700,000. Before
the December 31, 2012 balance sheet date, the market price for these materials
dropped to $510,000. The journal entry to record this situation at December 31,
2012 will result in a credit that should be reported
a. as a valuation account to Inventory on the
balance sheet.
b. as a current liability.
c. as an appropriation of retained earnings.
d. on the income statement.
44. At
the end of the fiscal year, Apha Airlines has an outstanding non-cancellable
purchase commitment for the purchase of 1 million gallons of jet fuel at a
price of $4.10 per gallon for delivery during the coming summer. The company
prices its inventory at the lower of cost or market. If the market price for
jet fuel at the end of the year is $4.50, how would this situation be reflected
in the annual financial statements?
a. Record
unrealized gains of $400,000 and disclose the existence of the purchase
commitment.
b. No impact.
c. Record
unrealized losses of $400,000 and disclose the existence of the purchase
commitment.
d. Disclose the existence of the purchase
commitment.
45. At
the end of the fiscal year, Apha Airlines has an outstanding purchase
commitment for the purchase of 1 million gallons of jet fuel at a price of
$4.60 per gallon for delivery during the coming summer. The company prices its
inventory at the lower of cost or market. If the market price for jet fuel at
the end of the year is $4.25, how would this situation be reflected in the
annual financial statements?
a. Record
unrealized gains of $350,000 and disclose the existence of the purchase
commitment.
b. No impact.
c. Record
unrealized losses of $350,000 and disclose the existence of the purchase
commitment.
d. Disclose the existence of the purchase
commitment.
46. How
is the gross profit method used as it relates to inventory valuation?
a. Verify the accuracy of the perpetual
inventory records.
b. Verity the accuracy of the physical
inventory.
c. To estimate cost of goods sold.
d. To provide an inventory value of LIFO
inventories.
S47. Which of the following is not a basic
assumption of the gross profit method?
a. The beginning inventory plus the purchases
equal total goods to be accounted for.
b. Goods not sold must be on hand.
c. If the sales, reduced to the cost basis, are
deducted from the sum of the opening inventory plus purchases, the result is
the amount of inventory on hand.
d. The total amount of purchases and the total
amount of sales remain relatively unchanged from the comparable previous
period.
48. The gross profit method of inventory valuation is invalid when
a. a portion of the inventory is destroyed.
b. there is a substantial increase in inventory
during the year.
c. there is no beginning inventory because it is
the first year of operation.
d. none of these.
49. Which statement is not
true about the gross profit method of inventory valuation?
a. It may be used to estimate inventories for
interim statements.
b. It may be used to estimate inventories for
annual statements.
c. It may be used by auditors.
d. None of these.
50. A major advantage of the retail inventory method is that it
a. provides reliable results in cases where the
distribution of items in the inventory is different from that of items sold
during the period.
b. hides costs from competitors and customers.
c. gives a more accurate statement of inventory
costs than other methods.
d. provides a method for inventory control and
facilitates determination of the periodic inventory for certain types of
companies.
51. An inventory method which is designed to approximate inventory
valuation at the lower of cost or market is
a. last-in, first-out.
b. first-in, first-out.
c. conventional retail method.
d. specific identification.
52. The retail inventory method is based on the assumption that the
a. final inventory and the total of goods
available for sale contain the same proportion of high-cost and low-cost ratio
goods.
b. ratio of gross margin to sales is
approximately the same each period.
c. ratio of cost to retail changes at a constant
rate.
d. proportions of markups and markdowns to
selling price are the same.
53. Which statement is true about the retail inventory method?
a. It may not be used to estimate inventories
for interim statements.
b. It may not be used to estimate inventories
for annual statements.
c. It may not be used by auditors.
d. None of these.
54. When the conventional retail inventory method is used, markdowns
are commonly ignored in the computation of the cost to retail ratio because
a. there may be no markdowns in a given year.
b. this tends to give a better approximation of
the lower of cost or market.
c. markups are also ignored.
d. this tends to result in the showing of a
normal profit margin in a period when no markdown goods have been sold.
55. To produce an inventory valuation which approximates the lower
of cost or market using the conventional retail inventory method, the
computation of the ratio of cost to retail should
a. include markups but not markdowns.
b. include markups and markdowns.
c. ignore both markups and markdowns.
d. include markdowns but not markups.
*56. When calculating the cost ratio for the retail inventory method,
a. if it is the conventional method, the
beginning inventory is included and markdowns are deducted.
b. if it is the LIFO method, the beginning
inventory is excluded and markdowns are deducted.
c. if it is the LIFO method, the beginning
inventory is included and markdowns are not deducted.
d. if it is the conventional method, the
beginning inventory is excluded and markdowns are not deducted.
S57. Which of the following is not required when
using the retail inventory method?
a. All inventory items must be categorized
according to the retail markup percentage which reflects the item's selling
price.
b. A record of the total cost and retail value
of goods purchased.
c. A record of the total cost and retail value
of the goods available for sale.
d. Total sales for the period.
S58. Which of the following is not a reason the
retail inventory method is used widely?
a. As a control measure in determining inventory
shortages
b. For insurance information
c. To permit the computation of net income
without a physical count of inventory
d. To defer income tax liability
59. What
condition is not necessary in order to use the retail method to provide
inventory results?
a. Retailer keeps a record of the total costs of
products sold for the period.
b. Retailer keeps a record of the total costs
and retail value of goods purchased.
c. Retailer keeps a record of the total costs and
retail value of goods available for sale.
d. Retailer keeps a record of sales for the
period.
60. What
method yields results that are essentially the same as those of the
conventional retail method?
a. FIFO.
b. Lower-of-average-cost-or-market.
c. Average cost.
d. LIFO.
61. What
is the effect of net markups on the cost-retail ratio when using the
conventional retail method?
a. Increases the cost-retail ratio.
b. No effect on the cost-retail ratio.
c. Depends on the amount of the net markdowns.
d. Decreases the cost-retail ratio.
62. What
is the effect of freight-in on the cost-retail ratio when using the
conventional retail method?
a. Increases the cost-retail ratio.
b. No effect on the cost-retail ratio.
c. Depends on the amount of the net markups.
d. Decreases the cost-retail ratio.
63. Which
of the following is not a common disclosure for inventories?
a. Inventory composition.
b. Inventory location.
c. Inventory financing arrangements.
d. Inventory costing methods employed.
P64. Which
of the following statements is false regarding an assumption of inventory cost
flow?
a. The cost flow assumption need not correspond
to the actual physical flow of goods.
b. The assumption selected may be changed each
accounting period.
c. The FIFO assumption uses the earliest
acquired prices to cost the items sold during a period.
d. The LIFO assumption uses the earliest
acquired prices to cost the items on hand at the end of an accounting period.
P65. The
average days to sell inventory is computed by dividing
a. 365 days by the inventory turnover ratio.
b. the inventory turnover ratio by 365 days.
c. net sales by the inventory turnover ratio.
d. 365 days by cost of goods sold.
66. The inventory turnover ratio is computed by dividing the cost of
goods sold by
a. beginning inventory.
b. ending inventory.
c. average inventory.
d. number of days in the year.
*67. When using dollar-value LIFO, if the incremental layer was added
last year, it should be multiplied by
a. last year's cost ratio and this year's index.
b. this year's cost ratio and this year's index.
c. last year's cost ratio and last year's index.
d. this year's cost ratio and last year's index.
Multiple Choice
Answers—Conceptual
Solutions to those Multiple Choice questions for which the answer is
“none of these.”
48. The gross profit percentage applicable to the goods in ending
inventory is different from the percentage applicable to the goods sold during
the period.
53. Many answers are possible.
Multiple Choice—Computational
68. Oslo Corporation has two products in its ending inventory, each
accounted for at the lower of cost or market. A profit margin of 30% on selling
price is considered normal for each product. Specific data with respect to each
product follows:
Product
#1 Product #2
Historical cost $20.00 $
35.00
Replacement cost 22.50 27.00
Estimated cost to dispose 5.00 13.00
Estimated selling price 40.00 65.00
In pricing its
ending inventory using the lower-of-cost-or-market, what unit values should
Oslo use for products #1 and #2, respectively?
a. $20.00 and $32.50.
b. $23.00 and $32.50.
c. $23.00 and $30.00.
d. $22.50 and $27.00.
69. Muckenthaler
Company sells product 2005WSC for $30 per unit. The cost of one unit of 2005WSC
is $27, and the replacement cost is $26. The estimated cost to dispose of a
unit is $6, and the normal profit is 40%. At what amount per unit should
product 2005WSC be reported, applying lower-of-cost-or-market?
a. $12.
b. $24.
c. $26.
d. $27.
70. Lexington
Company sells product 1976NLC for $50 per unit. The cost of one unit of 1976NLC
is $45, and the replacement cost is $43. The estimated cost to dispose of a
unit is $10, and the normal profit is 40%. At what amount per unit should
product 1976NLC be reported, applying lower-of-cost-or-market?
a. $20.
b. $40.
c. $43.
d. $45.
71. Given
the acquisition cost of product Z is $64, the net realizable value for product
Z is $58, the normal profit for product Z is $5, and the market value
(replacement cost) for product Z is $60, what is the proper per unit inventory
price for product Z?
a. $64.
b. $60.
c. $53.
d. $58.
72. Given
the acquisition cost of product ALPHA is $17, the net realizable value for
product ALPHA is $16.70, the normal profit for product ALPHA is $1.24, and the
market value (replacement cost) for product ALPHA is $14.72, what is the proper
per unit inventory price for product ALPHA?
a. $17.00.
b. $15.46
c. $14.72.
d. $16.70.
73. Given
the acquisition cost of product Dominoe is $43.31, the net realizable value for
product Dominoe is $38.49, the normal profit for product Dominoe is $4.32, and
the market value (replacement cost) for product Dominoe is $40.68, what is the
proper
per unit inventory price for product Dominoe?
per unit inventory price for product Dominoe?
a. $40.68.
b. $34.18.
c. $38.49.
d. $43.31
74. Given
the historical cost of product Z is $80, the selling price of product Z is $95,
costs to sell product Z are $11, the replacement cost for product Z is $83, and
the normal profit margin is 40% of sales price, what is the market value that
should be used in the lower-of-cost-or-market comparison?
a. $80.
b. $84.
c. $83.
d. $46.
75. Given
the historical cost of product Z is $80, the selling price of product Z is $95,
costs to sell product Z are $11, the replacement cost for product Z is $83, and
the normal profit margin is 40% of sales price, what is the amount that should
be used to value the inventory under the lower-of-cost-or-market method?
a. $46.
b. $80.
c. $84.
d. $83.
76. Given
the historical cost of product Dominoe is $43, the selling price of product
Dominoe is $60, costs to sell product Dominoe are $11, the replacement cost for
product Dominoe is $40, and the normal profit margin is 20% of sales price,
what is the cost amount that should be used in the lower-of-cost-or-market
comparison?
a. $49.
b. $40.
c. $37.
d. $43.
77. Given
the historical cost of product Dominoe is $43, the selling price of product
Dominoe is $60, costs to sell product Dominoe are $11, the replacement cost for
product Dominoe is $40, and the normal profit margin is 20% of sales price,
what is the amount that should be used to value the inventory under the
lower-of-cost-or-market method?
a. $43.
b. $37.
c. $40.
d. $49.
78. Robust
Inc. has the following information related to an item in its ending inventory.
Product 66 has a cost of $3,250, a replacement cost of $3,100, a net realizable
value of $3,200, and a normal profit margin of $200. What is the final
lower-of-cost-or-market inventory value for product 66?
a. $3,200.
b. $3,100.
c. $3,250.
d. $3,100.
79. Robust
Inc. has the following information related to an item in its ending inventory.
Packit (Product # 874) has a cost of $524, a replacement cost of $402, a net
realizable value of $468, and a normal profit margin of $21. What is the final
lower-of-cost-or-market inventory value for Packit?
a. $447.
b. $524.
c. $402.
d. $468.
80. Robust
Inc. has the following information related to an item in its ending inventory.
Acer Top has a cost of $251, a replacement cost of $234, a net realizable value
of $266, and a normal profit margin of $34. What is the final
lower-of-cost-or-market inventory value for Acer Top?
a. $232.
b. $251.
c. $234.
d. $266.
81. Mortenson
Corporation sells its product, a rare metal, in a controlled market with a
quoted price applicable to all quantities. The total cost of 5,000 pounds of
the metal now held in inventory is $150,000. The total selling price is
$360,000, and estimated costs of disposal are $10,000. At what amount should
the inventory of 5,000 pounds be reported in the balance sheet?
a. $140,000.
b. $150,000.
c. $350,000.
d. $360,000.
82. Rodriguez
Corporation sells its product, a rare metal, in a controlled market with a
quoted price applicable to all quantities. The total cost of 5,000 pounds of
the metal now held in inventory is $210,000. The total selling price is
$490,000, and estimated costs of disposal are $5,000. At what amount should the
inventory of 5,000 pounds be reported in the balance sheet?
a. $205,000.
b. $210,000.
c. $485,000.
d. $490,000.
83. Turner
Corporation acquired two inventory items at a lump-sum cost of $80,000. The
acquisition included 3,000 units of product LF, and 7,000 units of product 1B.
LF normally sells for $24 per unit, and 1B for $8 per unit. If Turner sells
1,000 units of LF, what amount of gross profit should it recognize?
a. $3,000
b. $9,000.
c. $16,000.
d. $19,000.
84. Robertson
Corporation acquired two inventory items at a lump-sum cost of $60,000. The
acquisition included 3,000 units of product CF, and 7,000 units of product 3B.
CF normally sells for $18 per unit, and 3B for $6 per unit. If Robertson sells
1,000 units of CF, what amount of gross profit should it recognize?
a. $2,250.
b. $6,750.
c. $12,000.
d. $14,250.
85. At a
lump-sum cost of $72,000, Pratt Company recently purchased the following items
for resale:
Item No. of Items Purchased Resale Price Per Unit
M 4,000 $3.75
N 2,000 12.00
O 6,000 6.00
The appropriate cost per unit of
inventory is:
M N O
a. $3.75 $12.00 $6.00
b. $3.11 $19.86 $3.32
c. $3.60 $11.52 $5.76
d. $6.00 $6.00 $6.00
86. Confectioners, a chain of candy stores, purchases its candy in
bulk from its suppliers. For a recent shipment, the company paid $1,800 and
received 8,500 pieces of candy that are allocated among three groups. Group 1
consists of 2,500 pieces that are expected to sell for $0.15 each. Group 2
consists of 5,500 pieces that are expected to sell for $0.36 each. Group 3
consists of 500 pieces that are expected to sell for $0.72 each. Using the
relative sales value method, what is the cost per item in Group 1?
a. $0.150.
b. $0.100.
c. $0.120.
d. $0.225.
87. Confectioners, a chain of candy stores, purchases its candy in
bulk from its suppliers. For a recent shipment, the company paid $1,800 and
received 8,500 pieces of candy that are allocated among three groups. Group 1
consists of 2,500 pieces that are expected to sell for $0.15 each. Group 2
consists of 5,500 pieces that are expected to sell for $0.36 each. Group 3
consists of 500 pieces that are expected to sell for $0.72 each. Using the relative
sales value method, what is the cost per item in Group 2?
a. $0.225.
b. $0.360.
c. $0.210.
d. $0.239.
88. Confectioners, a chain of candy stores, purchases its candy in
bulk from its suppliers. For a recent shipment, the company paid $1,800 and received
8,500 pieces of candy that are allocated among three groups. Group 1 consists
of 2,500 pieces that are expected to sell for $0.15 each. Group 2 consists of
5,500 pieces that are expected to sell for $0.36 each. Group 3 consists of 500
pieces that are expected to sell for $0.72 each. Using the relative sales value
method, what is the cost per item in Group 3?
a. $0.477.
b. $0.225.
c. $0.720.
d. $0.540.
89. During the current fiscal year, Jeremiah Corp. signed a
long-term noncancellable purchase commitment with its primary supplier.
Jeremiah agreed to purchase $2.5 million of raw materials during the next
fiscal year under this contract. At the end of the current fiscal year, the raw
material to be purchased under this contract had a market value of $2.3
million. What is the journal entry at the end of the current fiscal year?
a. Debit Unrealized Holding Gain
or Loss for $200,000 and credit Estimated Liability on Purchase Commitment for
$200,000.
b. Debit Estimated liability on
Purchase Commitments for $200,000 and credit Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss
for $200,000.
c. Debit Unrealized Holding Gain
or Loss for $2,300,000 and credit Estimated Liability on Purchase Commitments
for $2,300,000.
d. No journal entry is required.
90. During the prior fiscal year, Jeremiah Corp. signed a long-term
noncancellable purchase commitment with its primary supplier to purchase $2.5
million of raw materials. Jeremiah paid the $2.5 million to acquire the raw
materials when the raw materials were only worth $2.3 million. Assume that the
purchase commitment was properly recorded. What is the journal entry to record
the purchase?
a. Debit Inventory for $2,300,000,
and credit Cash for $2,300,000.
b. Debit Inventory for $2,300,000,
debit Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss for $200,000, and credit Cash for
$2,500,000.
c. Debit Inventory for $2,300,000,
debit Estimated Liability on Purchase Commitments for $200,000 and credit Cash
for $2,500,000.
d. Debit Inventory for $2,500,000,
and credit Cash for $2,500,000.
91. During 2012, Larue Co., a manufacturer of chocolate candies,
contracted to purchase 200,000 pounds of cocoa beans at $4.00 per pound,
delivery to be made in the spring of 2013. Because a record harvest is
predicted for 2013, the price per pound for cocoa beans had fallen to $3.30 by
December 31, 2012.
Of the following
journal entries, the one which would properly reflect in 2012 the effect of the
commitment of Larue Co. to purchase the 100,000 pounds of cocoa is
a. Cocoa Inventory.............................................................. 400,000
Accounts
Payable................................................ 400,000
b. Cocoa Inventory.............................................................. 330,000
Loss on Purchase
Commitments...................................... 70,000
Accounts
Payable................................................ 400,000
c. Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss-Income....................... 70,000
Estimated
Liability on Purchase Commitments... 70,000
d. No entry would be necessary in 2012
92. RS
Corporation, a manufacturer of ethnic foods, contracted in 2012 to purchase 500
pounds of a spice mixture at $5.00 per pound, delivery to be made in spring of
2013. By 12/31/12, the price per pound of the spice mixture had risen to $5.40
per pound. In 2012, AJ should recognize
a. a loss of $2,500.
b. a loss of $200.
c. no gain or loss.
d. a gain of $200.
93. LF
Corporation, a manufacturer of Mexican foods, contracted in 2012 to purchase
1,000 pounds of a spice mixture at $5.00 per pound, delivery to be made in
spring of 2013. By 12/31/12, the price per pound of the spice mixture had
dropped to $4.70 per pound. In 2012, LF should recognize
a a loss of $5,000.
b. a loss of $300.
c. no gain or loss.
d. a gain of $300.
94. The
following information is available for October for Barton Company.
Beginning
inventory $150,000
Net purchases 450,000
Net sales 900,000
Percentage markup on cost 66.67%
A fire destroyed
Barton’s October 31 inventory, leaving undamaged inventory with a cost of
$9,000. Using the gross profit method, the estimated ending inventory destroyed
by fire is
a. $51,000.
b. $231,000.
c. $240,000.
d. $300,000.
95. The
following information is available for October for Norton Company.
Beginning
inventory $200,000
Net purchases 600,000
Net sales 1,200,000
Percentage markup on cost 66.67%
A fire destroyed
Norton’s October 31 inventory, leaving undamaged inventory with a cost of
$12,000. Using the gross profit method, the estimated ending inventory
destroyed by fire is
a. $68,000.
b. $308,000.
c. $320,000.
d. $400,000.
Use the following information
for questions 96 and 97.
Miles Company, a wholesaler, budgeted the following sales for the
indicated months:
June July August
Sales on account $2,700,000 $2,760,000 $2,850,000
Cash sales 270,000 300,000 390,000
Total sales $2,970,000 $3,060,000 $3,240,000
All merchandise
is marked up to sell at its invoice cost plus 20%. Merchandise inventories at
the beginning of each month are at 30% of that month's projected cost of goods
sold.
96. The cost of goods sold for the month of June is anticipated to
be
a. $2,160,000.
b. $2,250,000.
c. $2,280,000.
d. $2,475,000.
97. Merchandise purchases for July are anticipated to be
a. $2,448,000.
b. $3,114,000.
c. $2,550,000.
d. $2,595,000.
98. Reyes Company had a gross profit of $480,000, total purchases of
$560,000, and an ending inventory of $320,000 in its first year of operations as a retailer. Reyes’s sales in its first
year must have been
a. $720,000.
b. $880,000.
c. $240,000.
d. $800,000.
99. A markup of 30% on cost is equivalent to what markup on selling
price?
a. 23%
b. 30%
c. 70%
d. 77%
100. Kesler,
Inc. estimates the cost of its physical inventory at March 31 for use in an
interim financial statement. The rate of markup on cost is 25%. The following
account balances are available:
Inventory, March 1 $385,000
Purchases 301,000
Purchase returns 14,000
Sales during March 525,000
The estimate of the cost of inventory at March 31 would be
a. $147,000.
b. $252,000.
c. $278,250.
d. $196,000.
101. On January 1, 2012, the merchandise inventory of Glaus, Inc. was
$1,000,000. During 2012 Glaus purchased $2,000,000 of merchandise and recorded
sales of $2,500,000. The gross profit rate on these sales was 25%. What is the merchandise
inventory of Glaus at December 31, 2012?
a. $500,000.
b. $625,000.
c. $1,125,000.
d. $1,875,000.
102. For 2012,
cost of goods available for sale for Tate Corporation was $1,800,000. The gross
profit rate was 20%. Sales for the year were $1,600,000. What was the amount of
the ending inventory?
a. $0.
b. $520,000.
c. $360,000.
d. $320,000.
103. On April 15 of the current year, a fire destroyed the entire
uninsured inventory of a retail store. The following data are available:
Sales, January 1 through April 15 $360,000
Inventory, January
1 60,000
Purchases, January
1 through April 15 300,000
Markup on cost 25%
The amount of the
inventory loss is estimated to be
a. $72,000.
b. $36,000.
c. $90,000.
d. $60,000.
104. The inventory account of Irick Company at December 31, 2012,
included the following items:
Inventory
Amount
Merchandise out on
consignment at sales price
(including markup of 40% on selling price) $30,000
Goods purchased,
in transit (shipped f.o.b. shipping point) 24,000
Goods held on
consignment by Irick 26,000
Goods out on
approval (sales price $15,200, cost $12,800) 15,200
Based on the above information,
the inventory account at December 31, 2012, should be reduced by
a. $40,400.
b. $45,200.
c. $64,400.
d. $64,000.
105. The
sales price for a product provides a gross profit of 20% of sales price. What
is the gross profit as a percentage of cost?
a. 20%.
b. 17%.
c. 25%.
d. Not enough information is provided to
determine.
106. Gamma
Ray Corp. has annual sales totaling $975,000 and an average gross profit of 20%
of cost. What is the dollar amount of the gross profit?
a. $195,000.
b. $146,250.
c. $162,500.
d. $243,750.
107. On August 31, a hurricane destroyed a
retail location of Vinny's Clothier including the entire inventory on hand at
the location. The inventory on hand as of June 30 totaled $640,000. Since June
30 until the time of the hurricane, the company made purchases of $170,000 and
had sales of $500,000. Assuming the rate of gross profit to selling price is 40%,
what is the approximate value of the inventory that was destroyed?
a. $640,000.
b. $363,000.
c. $410,000.
d. $510,000.
108. On
October 31, a fire destroyed PH Inc.'s entire retail inventory. The inventory
on hand as of January 1 totaled $1,360,000. From January 1 through the time of
the fire, the company made purchases of $330,000 and had sales of $720,000.
Assuming the rate of gross profit to selling price is 40%, what is the
approximate value of the inventory that was destroyed?
a. $1,360,000.
b. $1,346,000.
c. $970,000.
d. $1,258,000.
109. On March 15, a fire destroyed Interlock
Company's entire retail inventory. The inventory on hand as of January 1
totaled $3,300,000. From January 1 through the time of the fire, the company
made purchases of $1,366,000, incurred freight-in of $156,000, and had sales of
$2,420,000. Assuming the rate of gross profit to selling price is 30%, what is
the approximate value of the inventory that was destroyed?
a. $4,096,000.
b. $2,972,000.
c. $3,128,000.
d. $4,822,000.
110. Dicer
uses the conventional retail method to determine its ending inventory at cost.
Assume the beginning inventory at cost (retail) were $260,000 ($396,000),
purchases during the current year at cost (retail) were $1,370,000
($2,200,000), freight-in on these purchases totaled $86,000, sales during the
current year totaled $2,100,000, and net markups (markdowns) were $48,000
($72,000). What is the ending inventory value at cost?
a. $306,328.
b. $312,330.
c. $314,824.
d. $472,000.
111. Boxer
Inc. uses the conventional retail method to determine its ending inventory at
cost. Assume the beginning inventory at cost (retail) were $196,500 ($297,000),
purchases during the current year at cost (retail) were $1,704,000
($2,596,800), freight-in on these purchases totaled $79,500, sales during the
current year totaled $2,433,000, and net markups were $207,000. What is the
ending inventory value at cost?
a. $667,800.
b. $523,098.
c. $426,723.
d. $456,924.
112. Barker Pet supply uses the conventional
retail method to determine its ending inventory at cost. Assume the beginning
inventory at cost (retail) were $531,200 ($653,800), purchases during the
current year at cost (retail) were $2,137,200 ($2,772,200), freight-in on these
purchases totaled $127,800, sales during the current year totaled $2,604,000,
and net markups (markdowns) were $4,000 ($192,600). What is the ending
inventory value at cost?
a. $633,400.
b. $516,222.
c. $822,000.
d. $493,334.
113. Crane
Sales Company uses the retail inventory method to value its merchandise
inventory. The following information is available for the current year:
Cost Retail
Beginning
inventory $ 30,000 $ 50,000
Purchases 175,000 240,000
Freight-in 2,500 —
Net markups — 8,500
Net markdowns — 10,000
Employee discounts — 1,000
Sales — 205,000
If the ending inventory is to be valued at the
lower-of-cost-or-market, what is the cost to retail ratio?
a. $207,500 ÷ $290,000
b. $207,500 ÷ $298,500
c. $205,000 ÷ $300,000
d. $207,500 ÷ $288,500
Use the following information for questions 114 through 118.
The following
data concerning the retail inventory method are taken from the financial
records of Welch Company.
Cost Retail
Beginning inventory $ 98,000 $
140,000
Purchases 448,000 640,000
Freight-in 12,000 —
Net markups — 40,000
Net markdowns — 28,000
Sales — 672,000
114. The ending inventory at retail should be
a. $148,000.
b. $120,000.
c. $128,000.
d. $84,000.
115. If the ending inventory is
to be valued at approximately the lower of cost or market, the calculation of
the cost to retail ratio should be based on goods available for sale at (1)
cost and (2) retail, respectively of
a. $558,000 and $820,000.
b. $558,000 and $792,000.
c. $558,000 and $780,000.
d. $546,000 and $780,000.
116. If the foregoing figures are verified and a count of the ending
inventory reveals that merchandise actually on hand amounts to $108,000 at
retail, the business has
a. realized a windfall gain.
b. sustained a loss.
c. no gain or loss as there is close coincidence
of the inventories.
d. none of these.
*117. Assuming no change in the price level if the LIFO inventory method
were used in conjunction with the data, the ending inventory at cost would be
a. $85,200.
b. $84,000.
c. $81,600.
d. $86,400.
*118. Assuming that the LIFO inventory method were used in conjunction
with the data and that the inventory at retail had increased during the period,
then the computation of retail in the cost to retail ratio would
a. exclude both markups and markdowns and
include beginning inventory.
b. include markups and exclude both markdowns
and beginning inventory.
c. include both markups and markdowns and
exclude beginning inventory.
d. exclude markups and include both markdowns
and beginning inventory.
119. Drake
Corporation had the following amounts, all at retail:
Beginning inventory $
3,600 Purchases $140,000
Purchase returns 6,000 Net markups 18,000
Abnormal
shortage 4,000 Net markdowns 2,800
Sales 72,000 Sales returns 1,800
Employee
discounts 1,600 Normal shortage 2,600
What is Drake’s
ending inventory at retail?
a. $74,400.
b. $76,000.
c. $77,600.
d. $78,400
120. Goren Corporation had the following
amounts, all at retail:
Beginning inventory $ 3,600 Purchases $110,000
Purchase returns 6,000 Net markups 18,000
Abnormal
shortage 4,000 Net markdowns 2,800
Sales 72,000 Sales returns 1,800
Employee
discounts 1,600 Normal shortage 2,600
What
is Goren’s ending inventory at retail?
a. $44,400.
b. $46,000.
c. $47,600.
d. $48,400
121. Fry
Corporation’s computation of cost of goods sold is:
Beginning
inventory $ 60,000
Add: Cost of goods purchased 530,000
Cost of goods available for sale 590,000
Ending inventory 90,000
Cost of goods sold $500,000
The
average days to sell inventory for Fry are
a. 43.5 days.
b. 50.3 days.
c. 54.5 days.
d. 65.2 days.
122. East
Corporation’s computation of cost of goods sold is:
Beginning
inventory $ 60,000
Add: Cost of goods purchased 482,000
Cost of goods available for sale 542,000
Ending inventory 80,000
Cost of goods sold $462,000
The
average days to sell inventory for East are
a. 68.3 days.
b. 75.7 days.
c. 55.3 days.
d. 90.9 days.
123. The 2012 financial statements of Sito Company reported a
beginning inventory of $80,000, an ending inventory of $120,000, and cost of
goods sold of $800,000 for the year. Sito’s inventory turnover ratio for 2012
is
a. 10.0 times.
b. 8.0 times.
c. 6.7 times.
d. 5.7 times.
124. Boxer Inc. reported
inventory at the beginning of the current year of $360,000 and at the end of
the current year of $411,000. If net sales for the current year are $3,321,900
and the corresponding cost of sales totaled $2,819,100, what is the inventory
turnover ratio for the current year?
a. 8.61.
b. 6.86.
c. 7.83.
d. 7.31.
Use the following information
for questions 125 through 129.
Plank Co. uses the
retail inventory method. The following information is available for the current
year.
Cost Retail
Beginning inventory $
156,000 $244,000
Purchases 590,000 830,000
Freight-in 10,000 —
Employee discounts — 4,000
Net markups — 30,000
Net Markdowns — 40,000
Sales — 780,000
125. If the ending inventory is to be valued at approximately lower
of average cost or market, the calculation of the cost ratio should be based on
cost and retail of
a. $600,000 and $860,000.
b. $600,000 and $856,000.
c. $746,000 and $1,100,000.
d. $756,000 and $1,104,000.
126. The ending inventory at retail should be
a. $320,000.
b. $300,000.
c. $288,000.
d. $280,000.
127. The approximate cost of the ending inventory by the conventional
retail method is
a. $191,800.
b. $189,840.
c. $196,000.
d. $204,960.
*128. If the ending inventory is
to be valued at approximately LIFO cost, the calculation of the cost ratio
should be based on cost and retail of
a. $756,000 and $1,104,000.
b. $756,000 and $1,064,000.
c. $600,000 and $820,000.
d. $600,000 and $860,000.
*129. Assuming that the LIFO
inventory method is used, that the beginning inventory is the base inventory
when the index was 100, and that the index at year end is 112, the ending
inventory at dollar-value LIFO retail cost is
a. $160,920.
b. $185,514.
c. $191,800.
d. $204,960.
Use the following information for questions 130 and 131.
Eaton Company,
which uses the retail LIFO method to determine inventory cost, has provided the
following information for 2012:
Cost Retail
Inventory, 1/1/12 $
141,000 $210,000
Net purchases 567,000 843,000
Net markups 102,000
Net markdowns 45,000
Net sales 795,000
*130. Assuming stable prices (no change in the price index during 2012),
what is the cost of Eaton's inventory at December 31, 2012?
a. $192,150.
b. $207,150.
c. $204,000.
d. $198,450.
*131. Assuming that the price index
was 105 at December 31, 2012 and 100 at January 1, 2012, what is the
cost of Eaton's inventory at December 31, 2012 under the dollar-value-LIFO
retail method?
a. $200,535.
b. $208,372.
c. $210,458.
d. $197,700.
Multiple Choice
Answers—Computational
Multiple Choice—CPA Adapted
132. Ryan Distribution Co. has determined its December 31, 2012
inventory on a FIFO basis at $500,000. Information pertaining to that inventory
follows:
Estimated selling price $510,000
Estimated cost of
disposal 20,000
Normal profit
margin 60,000
Current
replacement cost 450,000
Ryan records losses that result from applying the
lower-of-cost-or-market rule. At December 31, 2012, the loss that Ryan should recognize is
a. $0.
b. $10,000.
c. $40,000.
d. $50,000.
133. Under the lower-of-cost-or-market method, the replacement cost
of an inventory item would be used as the designated market value
a. when it is below the net realizable value
less the normal profit margin.
b. when it is below the net realizable value and
above the net realizable value less the normal profit margin.
c. when it is above the net realizable value.
d. regardless of net realizable value.
134. The original cost of an inventory item is above the replacement
cost and the net realizable value. The replacement cost is below the net
realizable value less the normal profit margin. As a result, under the
lower-of-cost-or-market method, the inventory item should be reported at the
a. net realizable value.
b. net realizable value less the normal profit
margin.
c. replacement cost.
d. original cost.
135. Keen
Company's accounting records indicated the following information:
Inventory, 1/1/12 $ 900,000
Purchases during
2012 4,500,000
Sales during 2012 5,700,000
A
physical inventory taken on December 31, 2012, resulted in an ending inventory
of $1,050,000. Keen's gross profit on sales has remained constant at 25% in
recent years. Keen suspects some inventory may have been taken by a new
employee. At December 31, 2012, what is the estimated cost of missing
inventory?
a. $75,000.
b. $225,000.
c. $300,000.
d. $375,000.
136. Henke Co.
uses the retail inventory method to estimate its inventory for interim
statement purposes. Data relating to the computation of the inventory at July
31, 2012, are as follows:
Cost Retail
Inventory, 2/1/12 $ 200,000 $ 250,000
Purchases 1,000,000 1,575,000
Markups, net 175,000
Sales 1,650,000
Estimated normal
shoplifting losses 20,000
Markdowns, net 110,000
Under the lower-of-cost-or-market method, Henke's estimated inventory at
July 31, 2012 is
a. $132,000.
b. $144,000.
c. $156,000.
d. $220,000.
137. At December 31, 2012, the following information was available
from Kohl Co.'s accounting records:
Cost Retail
Inventory, 1/1/12 $147,000 $
203,000
Purchases 833,000 1,155,000
Additional
markups 42,000
Available for sale $980,000 $1,400,000
Sales for the year totaled $1,150,000. Markdowns amounted to $10,000.
Under the lower-of-cost-or-market method, Kohl's inventory at December 31, 2012
was
a. $294,000.
b. $175,000.
c. $182,000.
d. $168,000.
*138. On December 31, 2012, Pacer Co. adopted the dollar-value LIFO
retail inventory method. Inventory data for 2013 are as follows:
LIFO
Cost Retail
Inventory,
12/31/12 $450,000 $630,000
Inventory,
12/31/13 ? 825,000
Increase in price
level for 2013 10%
Cost to retail
ratio for 2013 70%
Under the LIFO retail method, Pacer's inventory at December 31, 2013,
should be
a. $542,400.
b. $577,500.
c. $586,500.
d $600,150.
Multiple Choice Answers—CPA
Adapted
IFRS QUESTIONS
True / False
1. IFRS permits an entity to
reverse inventory write-downs in certain situations, whereas U.S. GAAP does
not.
2. IFRS defines market as
replacement cost subject to certain constraints.
3. IFRS uses a ceiling to
determine market.
4. Similar to U.S. GAAP, certain
agricultural products and mineral products can be reported at net realizable
value using IFRS.
5. IFRS records market in the
lower-of-cost-or-market differently than U.S. GAAP.
Answers to True/False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Where is the authoritative IFRS
guidance related to accounting and reporting for inventories found?
a. IAS 2
b. IAS 18
c. IAS 41
d. All of these standards deal
with inventory.
2. All of the following are key
similarities between U.S. GAAP and IFRS with respect to accounting for inventories
except
a. guidelines on ownership of
goods are similar.
b. costs to include in inventories
are similar.
c. LIFO cost flow assumption where
appropriate is used by both sets of standards.
d. fair value valuation of
inventories is prohibited by both sets of standards.
3. All of the following are key
differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS with respect to accounting for
inventories except the
a. definition of the
lower-of-cost-or-market test for inventory valuation differs between U.S. GAAP
and IFRS.
b. inventory basis determination
for writedowns differs between U.S. GAAP and IFRS.
c. guidelines are more principles
based under IFRS than they are under U.S. GAAP.
d. average costing method is
prohibited under IFRS.
4. Alonzo Company in Italy prepares
its financial statements in accordance with IFRS. In 2012, it reported cost of
goods sold of €600 million and average inventory of €150 million. What is
Alonzo's inventory turnover ratio?
a. 4 days
b. 25 days
c. 91.25 days
d. 100 days
5. Starfish Company (a company
using U.S. GAAP and LIFO inventory method) is considering changing to IFRS and
the FIFO inventory method. How would a comparison of these methods affect
Starfish's financials?
a. During a period of inflation,
the current ratio would decrease when IFRS and the FIFO inventory method are
used as compared to U.S. GAAP and LIFO.
b. During a period of inflation,
the taxes will decrease when IFRS and the FIFO inventory method are used as
compared to U.S. GAAP and LIFO.
c. During a period of inflation,
net income would be greater if IFRS and the FIFO inventory method are used as
compared to U.S.GAAP and LIFO.
d. During a period of inflation,
working capital would decrease when IFRS and the FIFO inventory method are used
as compared to U.S. GAAP and LIFO.
6. Which of the following
statements is true regarding IFRS and inventories?
a. In order to determine market
valuation of inventories, IFRS uses a ceiling and a floor.
b. IFRS permits the option of
valuing inventories at fair value.
c. With respect to inventories,
IFRS defines market as net realizable value.
d. IFRS allows inventory to be
written up above its original cost.
7. State Company manufactured a
forklift machine at a cost of $60,000. The product is sold for $66,000 at a 5%
discount. The delivery costs are estimated to be $6,000. Under IFRS, how much
should be the carrying amount of this inventory?
a. $60,000
b. $66,000
c. $54,000
d. $56,700
8. The following information
relates to Moore Company's inventory:
Cost of inventory = $860
Selling price of inventory = $1,000
Normal profit margin = 10% of selling price
Current replacement cost = $740
Cost of completion and disposal = $100
Under IFRS, which of the
following would be the correct measurement value for the inventory?
a. $860
b. $740
c. $1,000
d. $900
9. Assume that Darcy Industries
had the following inventory values:
Inventory cost (on December 31, 2011) = $1,500
Inventory market (on December 31, 2011) = $1,350
Inventory net realizable value (on December 31, 2011) = $1,320
Inventory market (on June 30, 2012) = $1,560
Inventory net realizable value (on June 30, 2012) = $1,570
Under IFRS, what is the inventory carrying value on December 31, 2011?
a. $1,500
b. $1,350
c. $1,320
d. $1,390
10. Assume that Darcy Industries had
the following inventory values:
Inventory cost (on December 31, 2011) = $1,500
Inventory market (on December 31, 2011) = $1,350
Inventory net realizable value (on December 31, 2011) = $1,320
Inventory market (on June 30, 2012) = $1,560
Inventory net realizable value (on June 30, 2012) = $1,570
Under IFRS, what is the
inventory carrying value on June 30, 2012?
a. $1,500
b. $1,560
c. $1,570
d. $1,320
Answers to Multiple Choice
Short Answer
1. Briefly describe some of the
similarities and differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS with respect to the
accounting for inventories.
2. Explain the main obstacle to
achieving convergence in the area of inventory accounting.
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